type in any box and the others follow. text is encoded as UTF-8, so accents and emoji work too.
each character is encoded as UTF-8 bytes, and each byte is written as 8 bits. plain letters take one byte, accented letters two, most emoji four.
yes. without spaces it is read 8 bits at a time. with spaces, each group is one byte, so 7-bit groups like 1001000 work too.
no practical one. numbers use arbitrary precision, so a 500-digit number converts exactly and nothing is rounded.